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Raw Material Pretreatment
For high - carbon alloy steel, the steel needs to be strictly inspected, and internal defects are detected by means of ultrasonic flaw detection. Subsequently, accurate cutting is carried out according to the die design dimensions. For cemented carbide, the raw material powders, such as tungsten carbide and cobalt powder, need to be accurately proportioned. They are fully mixed evenly using a ball mill and then pressed to form a green body.
Rough Machining and Shaping
The billets of high - carbon alloy steel are initially shaped through the forging process. Under high temperature, external forces are applied using forging hammers or presses to densify the internal structure of the material, refine the grains, and at the same time shape a blank close to the final shape of the die. For cemented carbide green bodies, the sintering process is adopted. Under high - temperature and high - pressure environments, atomic diffusion and bonding occur between powder particles to achieve densification and shaping.
Precision Machining
High - precision CNC machining equipment is used to finely process the forged high - carbon alloy steel blanks and the sintered cemented carbide green bodies. The turning process is used to accurately control the outer diameter size and surface roughness of the die; milling is used to process complex cavities and structures; drilling adds various mounting holes and cooling holes to the die. The grinding process is a key link. Multiple methods such as surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, and profile grinding are used to ensure that the surfaces of the die reach extremely high dimensional accuracy and surface finish, meeting the strict requirements of the cold heading process for the die.
Heat Treatment Strengthening
High - carbon alloy steel dies are successively subjected to quenching and tempering treatments. During quenching, the die is heated above a specific critical temperature, held for a certain time, and then rapidly cooled to obtain martensite structure, greatly improving the hardness. Tempering is to heat the die to a range lower than the quenching temperature after quenching, eliminate quenching stress, adjust the balance between hardness and toughness, and optimize the comprehensive mechanical properties. Although cemented carbide dies do not require quenching, they may be appropriately tempered or aged to further improve their internal structure and performance.
Surface Treatment Improvement
The common surface treatment method is nitriding. Under high - temperature environments, nitrogen atoms penetrate into the die surface to form a hard nitrided layer. The nitrided layer not only significantly improves the wear resistance of the die but also enhances its corrosion resistance and demoulding performance. In addition, physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology is also widely used. For example, a titanium nitride (TiN) coating is deposited on the die surface, which not only gives the die a bright appearance but also greatly reduces the friction coefficient, improving the forming quality of parts and the service life of the die during the cold heading process.
Strict Selection of Raw Materials
The quality of raw materials is directly related to the performance and service life of the die. Whether it is high - carbon alloy steel or cemented carbide, it must be purchased from regular and reputable suppliers. Comprehensive inspections are carried out on each batch of raw materials, including chemical composition analysis, hardness testing, and metallographic structure observation. Unqualified materials are resolutely prevented from entering the production process.
Precise Control of Process Parameters
The precise control of process parameters is crucial throughout the entire processing process. Forging temperature, time and pressure, the temperature curve and pressure change during sintering, the cutting speed and feed rate during machining, the heating temperature, holding time, and cooling rate during heat treatment, as well as the process conditions of surface treatment, any deviation in any parameter may lead to die quality problems. Therefore, high - precision temperature, pressure, speed and other control instruments need to be equipped, and the equipment should be calibrated regularly to ensure the stability and accuracy of process parameters.
Strengthen Professional Training of Personnel
Die production involves multiple complex links and requires extremely high professional skills from technicians. Regularly organize employees to participate in professional training courses covering material knowledge, processing technology, equipment operation, quality control, etc. Encourage employees to share experience and technological innovation, improve the overall technical level and quality awareness of the team, and ensure that each production link can be strictly implemented in accordance with high - quality standards.
Automotive Manufacturing Industry
In automotive production, metal cold heading dies are widely used in manufacturing key parts of engines, transmissions, chassis, etc. For example, manufacturing connecting bolts for engine blocks, nuts on transmission gear shafts, and rivets for chassis suspension systems. The cold heading process, combined with high - precision cold heading dies, can efficiently and stably produce a large number of parts that meet the strict quality standards of the automotive industry, ensuring the safety performance and reliability of automobiles.
Aerospace Field
The aerospace industry has extremely strict requirements for the quality and performance of parts. Metal cold heading dies are used to manufacture fastening bolts for turbine blades of aircraft engines, high - strength rivets for connecting aircraft structural parts, etc. The high precision and high stability of the dies ensure that aerospace parts can still maintain excellent reliability and safety under extreme working conditions (such as high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed), providing a solid guarantee for flight safety.
Electronic Equipment Production
In the process of electronic equipment manufacturing, cold heading dies are used to produce various small and precision metal parts. Such as pins for electronic connectors, micro - screws, and internal structural parts of mobile phones. These parts have extremely high requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Metal cold heading dies, with their precise processing capabilities, can meet the high - precision and high - volume production requirements of the electronics industry for parts, promoting the continuous miniaturization and high - performance development of electronic products.
Hardware Products Processing
From the manufacturing of daily - used hardware tools, such as screwdrivers and wrenches, to the production of products in the building hardware field, such as door and window hinges and handles, metal cold heading dies play an important role. It can quickly and efficiently produce cold - headed parts of various specifications, meet the large - volume demand for hardware products in the market, and at the same time improve product quality and production efficiency, reducing production costs.
Raw Material Pretreatment
For high - carbon alloy steel, the steel needs to be strictly inspected, and internal defects are detected by means of ultrasonic flaw detection. Subsequently, accurate cutting is carried out according to the die design dimensions. For cemented carbide, the raw material powders, such as tungsten carbide and cobalt powder, need to be accurately proportioned. They are fully mixed evenly using a ball mill and then pressed to form a green body.
Rough Machining and Shaping
The billets of high - carbon alloy steel are initially shaped through the forging process. Under high temperature, external forces are applied using forging hammers or presses to densify the internal structure of the material, refine the grains, and at the same time shape a blank close to the final shape of the die. For cemented carbide green bodies, the sintering process is adopted. Under high - temperature and high - pressure environments, atomic diffusion and bonding occur between powder particles to achieve densification and shaping.
Precision Machining
High - precision CNC machining equipment is used to finely process the forged high - carbon alloy steel blanks and the sintered cemented carbide green bodies. The turning process is used to accurately control the outer diameter size and surface roughness of the die; milling is used to process complex cavities and structures; drilling adds various mounting holes and cooling holes to the die. The grinding process is a key link. Multiple methods such as surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, and profile grinding are used to ensure that the surfaces of the die reach extremely high dimensional accuracy and surface finish, meeting the strict requirements of the cold heading process for the die.
Heat Treatment Strengthening
High - carbon alloy steel dies are successively subjected to quenching and tempering treatments. During quenching, the die is heated above a specific critical temperature, held for a certain time, and then rapidly cooled to obtain martensite structure, greatly improving the hardness. Tempering is to heat the die to a range lower than the quenching temperature after quenching, eliminate quenching stress, adjust the balance between hardness and toughness, and optimize the comprehensive mechanical properties. Although cemented carbide dies do not require quenching, they may be appropriately tempered or aged to further improve their internal structure and performance.
Surface Treatment Improvement
The common surface treatment method is nitriding. Under high - temperature environments, nitrogen atoms penetrate into the die surface to form a hard nitrided layer. The nitrided layer not only significantly improves the wear resistance of the die but also enhances its corrosion resistance and demoulding performance. In addition, physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology is also widely used. For example, a titanium nitride (TiN) coating is deposited on the die surface, which not only gives the die a bright appearance but also greatly reduces the friction coefficient, improving the forming quality of parts and the service life of the die during the cold heading process.
Strict Selection of Raw Materials
The quality of raw materials is directly related to the performance and service life of the die. Whether it is high - carbon alloy steel or cemented carbide, it must be purchased from regular and reputable suppliers. Comprehensive inspections are carried out on each batch of raw materials, including chemical composition analysis, hardness testing, and metallographic structure observation. Unqualified materials are resolutely prevented from entering the production process.
Precise Control of Process Parameters
The precise control of process parameters is crucial throughout the entire processing process. Forging temperature, time and pressure, the temperature curve and pressure change during sintering, the cutting speed and feed rate during machining, the heating temperature, holding time, and cooling rate during heat treatment, as well as the process conditions of surface treatment, any deviation in any parameter may lead to die quality problems. Therefore, high - precision temperature, pressure, speed and other control instruments need to be equipped, and the equipment should be calibrated regularly to ensure the stability and accuracy of process parameters.
Strengthen Professional Training of Personnel
Die production involves multiple complex links and requires extremely high professional skills from technicians. Regularly organize employees to participate in professional training courses covering material knowledge, processing technology, equipment operation, quality control, etc. Encourage employees to share experience and technological innovation, improve the overall technical level and quality awareness of the team, and ensure that each production link can be strictly implemented in accordance with high - quality standards.
Automotive Manufacturing Industry
In automotive production, metal cold heading dies are widely used in manufacturing key parts of engines, transmissions, chassis, etc. For example, manufacturing connecting bolts for engine blocks, nuts on transmission gear shafts, and rivets for chassis suspension systems. The cold heading process, combined with high - precision cold heading dies, can efficiently and stably produce a large number of parts that meet the strict quality standards of the automotive industry, ensuring the safety performance and reliability of automobiles.
Aerospace Field
The aerospace industry has extremely strict requirements for the quality and performance of parts. Metal cold heading dies are used to manufacture fastening bolts for turbine blades of aircraft engines, high - strength rivets for connecting aircraft structural parts, etc. The high precision and high stability of the dies ensure that aerospace parts can still maintain excellent reliability and safety under extreme working conditions (such as high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed), providing a solid guarantee for flight safety.
Electronic Equipment Production
In the process of electronic equipment manufacturing, cold heading dies are used to produce various small and precision metal parts. Such as pins for electronic connectors, micro - screws, and internal structural parts of mobile phones. These parts have extremely high requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Metal cold heading dies, with their precise processing capabilities, can meet the high - precision and high - volume production requirements of the electronics industry for parts, promoting the continuous miniaturization and high - performance development of electronic products.
Hardware Products Processing
From the manufacturing of daily - used hardware tools, such as screwdrivers and wrenches, to the production of products in the building hardware field, such as door and window hinges and handles, metal cold heading dies play an important role. It can quickly and efficiently produce cold - headed parts of various specifications, meet the large - volume demand for hardware products in the market, and at the same time improve product quality and production efficiency, reducing production costs.